 Notes (1):
In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such." These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group. Victims are targeted because of their real or perceived membership of a group, not randomly.
The Republic of China (on Taiwan) ratified this Convention effective July 19, 1951.
The Republic of China (ROC) was a member of the United Nations from its founding on Oct. 24, 1945, until being expelled on Oct. 25, 1971, based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758.
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| Notes (2):
After beginning its military occupation of Taiwan in late October 1945, the ROC government established the Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office and the Taiwan Provincial Police Administration, imposed military rule and martial law, annulled the Japanese laws observed in Taiwan at the time, unjustifiably levied and appropriated Taiwanese property, conducted military trials of civilians, demolished or destroyed buildings and public facilities built by the Japanese, provoked the 228 Incident, massacred Taiwanese people, and subjected Taiwanese people to political persecution for over forty years. All of these actions were international criminal offenses in violation of international humanitarian law (aka "the laws of war" or "the laws of armed conflict") and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
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| Notes (3):
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) defines international humanitarian law or the law of armed conflict as "a set of rules which seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effects of armed conflict. It protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare." Articles 7 and 8 of the Rome Statute (July 1, 2002), the founding treaty of the International Criminal Court, provides a very detailed list of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
There are four categories of war crimes: genocide, crimes against peace, violations of the customs of war, and crimes against humanity.
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