Taiwan's Legal Status: An Overview of the San Francisco Peace Treaty

台灣的法律地位:舊金山和平條約概觀

Article VI of the U.S. Constitution provides that:

美國憲法第六條規定:

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land . . . . .
本憲法和根據本憲法所制定的合眾國法律,以及根據合眾國的權力已締結或將締結的一切條約,皆為全國的最高法律…..

SFPT: Article 6 and Annotations

舊金山和約:第六條和注釋

Article 6
第六條
(a) All occupation forces of the Allied Powers shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as possible after the coming into force of the present Treaty, and in any case not later than 90 days thereafter. Nothing in this provision shall, however, prevent the stationing or retention of foreign armed forces in Japanese territory under or in consequence of any bilateral or multilateral agreements which have been or may be made between one or more of the Allied Powers, on the one hand, and Japan on the other.
自本和約生效之後,所有聯盟國佔領軍應儘速自日本撤出,此項撤軍不得晚於本和約生效後90日。若日本與聯盟國締結有關外國軍隊駐紮或保有於日本領土之雙邊或多邊協定者,不受本條規定所限。

(b) The provisions of Article 9 of the Potsdam Proclamation of 26 July 1945, dealing with the return of Japanese military forces to their homes, to the extent not already completed, will be carried out.
依據1945年7月26日波次坦宣言第9條有關日本軍隊撤退回國之條款,若尚未完成者,得持續執行。

(c) All Japanese property for which compensation has not already been paid, which was supplied for the use of the occupation forces and which remains in the possession of those forces at the time of the coming into force of the present Treaty, shall be returned to the Japanese Government within the same 90 days unless other arrangements are made by mutual agreement.
所有被佔領軍所征用但尚未獲得補償之日本財產,以及本和約生效時佔領軍所占有之日本財產,非經其他雙邊協定之安排,應於90日內歸還日本政府。

ANNOTATIONS to Article 6
第六條注解
In order to deny that Taiwan is under military occupation, many people make reference to Article 6(a) of the treaty.
為了否認台灣置於軍事佔領下,很多人會參考和約第6條(a)之內容。

However, with the coming into force of the SFPT on April 28, 1952, Taiwan immediately became separated from Japan. Hence, Article 6(a) has no relationship to Taiwan territory whatsoever.
然而,隨著1952年4月28日,舊金山和約的生效,台灣立即從日本分離出來,因此第6條(a)和台灣沒有任何關係。

Additional supporting analysis for this interpretation may be found by researching the historical record. Notably, with the end of USMG jurisdiction in California, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam, Cuba, the Ryukyus islands, etc. each has become either (a) a sovereign nation, or (b) "part" of another sovereign nation. Significantly, each area has a fully functioning and fully recognized "civil government," which of course has supplanted  USMG jurisdiction, and thus ended the military occupation.
對此解讀有更多的佐證分析可以從歷史記錄中研究出來。特別是,隨著美國軍事政府(USMG)結束對加利福尼亞 、波多黎各、菲律賓、關島、古巴、琉球群島等的管轄權之後 ,各個都成為(a)主權獨立國家,或者 (b) 另一主權獨立國家的一部分。很顯然,每一個地區,都有一個充分發揮作用以及完全被承認的“民事政府”。當然,此民事政府也取代了美國軍事政府的管轄,因此結束了軍事佔領。

Taiwan is clearly the exception, and is often described as having an “undetermined political status.” Indeed, since the end of the WWII, it has been the official policy of the United States government that the status of Taiwan is "an unsettled question . . . . " In light of these facts, the only possible conclusion is that in the present day, under the Law of Nations, Taiwan remains as occupied territory after peace treaty cession.
台灣很顯然是一個例外,經常被描述為“懸而未決的政治地位”。的確,自第二次世界大戰結束後,美國政府的官方政策一直是把台灣的地位視為「未解決的問題…」。鑒於這些事實,唯一可能的結論是,時至今日,根據國際法,台灣在和平條約之割讓後,仍維持為被佔領的領土。


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